Microplastics are plastic particles, films, and fibers with a diameter of< 5 mm. Given their
long-standing existence in the environment and terrible increase in annual emissions …

Plastic pollution is one of the most pressing environmental threats the world is facing
currently. The degradation of macroplastics into smaller forms viz. microplastics (MPs) or …

The presence of microplastics in the aquatic environment poses a serious threat not only to
aquatic organisms but also to human beings that consume them. The uptake and effects of …

Nanoplastics in aquatic environments may induce adverse immunotoxicity effects in fish.
However, there is insufficient evidence on the visible immunotoxicity endpoints in the larval …

Microplastics and nanoplastics (M-NPLs) are ubiquitous environmentally, chemically, or
mechanically degraded plastic particles. Humans are exposed to M-NPLs of various sizes …

With the prevalence of nanoplastics in daily life, human exposure is inevitable. However,
whether and how nanoplastics cause neurotoxicity in humans remains obscure. Herein, we …

To date, previous studies have reported the adverse effects of microplastics (MPs) and
nanoplastics (NPs) on both freshwater and marine organisms. However, the information on …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) structured organoids are the most advanced in vitro
models for studying human health effects, but their application to evaluate the biological …

The toxicological interactions of microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals have been paid much
attention in aquatic organism. The mechanisms are not fully clear, particularly in fish early …

Microplastics (MPs) are a big and growing environmental concern, with studies showing
sublethal to acute biological impacts on typical aquatic organisms. However, little is known …