The newest class of antiretrovirals for all persons living with HIV are the integrase strand
transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). Since 2007, five INSTIs have been introduced: raltegravir …

Drug-induced hepatic injury accounts for more than 50 percent of cases of acute liver failure
in the United States. More than 75 percent of idiosyncratic drug reactions result in liver …

The liver plays a central role in the pharmacokinetics of the majority of drugs. Liver
dysfunction may not only reduce the blood/plasma clearance of drugs eliminated by hepatic …

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has multiple etiologic associations, but the
pathogenesis is poorly understood. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 is induced in the liver of …

Adverse drug reactions affecting the liver represent an important challenge for safety in drug
development. Drugs can reproduce practically the whole spectrum of liver diseases, but …

Members of the cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme families CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 are
responsible for the metabolism of approximately 75% of all clinically relevant drugs. With the …

We have measured cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity in nearly 150 samples of human liver
microsomes and 64 samples of cryopreserved human hepatocytes, and we have performed …

Objective: To validate the LiMAx test, a new bedside test for the determination of maximal
liver function capacity based on 13 C-methacetin kinetics. To investigate the diagnostic …

Buprenorphine is a semi-synthetic opioid derived from thebaine, a naturally occurring
alkaloid of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. The pharmacology of buprenorphine is …

Most pharmacologically active molecules are lipophilic and remain un-ionized or only
partially ionized at physiological pH. Biotransformation means that a lipid-soluble xenobiotic …