There is a rich amount of information in co‐occurrence (presence–absence) data that could
be used to understand community assembly. This proposition first envisioned by Forbes …

Co-infection is an underappreciated phenomenon in contemporary disease ecology despite
its ubiquity and importance in nature. Viruses, and other co-infecting agents, can interact in …

A random field is the representation of the joint probability distribution for a set of random
variables. Markov fields, in particular, have a long standing tradition as the theoretical …

Biotic interactions are widely recognised as the backbone of ecological communities, but
how best to study them is a subject of intense debate, especially at macro‐ecological scales …

Ecologists often investigate co‐occurrence patterns in multi‐species data in order to gain
insight into the ecological causes of observed co‐occurrences. Apart from direct …

Within host-parasite communities, viral co-circulation and co-infections of hosts are the
norm, yet studies of significant emerging zoonoses tend to focus on a single parasite …

Marine ecosystems are under increasing threat from warming waters. Winter warming is
occurring at a faster rate than summer warming for ecosystems around the world, but most …

Understanding how ecological communities are assembled remains a key goal of
ecosystem ecology. Because communities are hierarchical, factors acting at multiple scales …

Image registration has been an essential task in computer vision and image processing.
There are many applications of image registration, for instance, in medical systems. Image …

Untangling how factors such as environment, host, associations among bacterial species
and dispersal predict microbial composition is a fundamental challenge. In this study, we …