Flash boiling atomization is a promising approach to enhance spray atomization with
internal energy as the driving force as well. Past investigations primarily focused on the …

This paper reports on CFD modeling of the fuel/air mixing characteristics of liquid ammonia
under direct injection engine-relevant conditions. Several questions are addressed …

Flash boiling spray, which has a wider spray width and enhanced interactions plume to
plume is likely to favor nozzle tip wetting. To understand the effect of flash boiling spray, this …

The present study is geared towards the investigation of the impact of fuel temperature,
ambient pressure, and fuel properties on the spray characteristics of a 6-hole gasoline direct …

Flash boiling spray, recognized as a promising atomization technique, has been proven to
achieve superior atomization. However, under flash boiling conditions, plume interference is …

Sprays consisting of initially separated plumes, which are generated by multi-hole injectors
in strong flash-boiling conditions, may collapse and form a single spray cloud. It has been …

The flash-boiling spray has become a timely topic of seeking the high mixture quality and
clean combustion of the gasoline-direction-injection (GDI) engines. The flash-boiling spray …

As a promising carbon-free fuel, ammonia is expected to be widely applied in internal
combustion engines. However, the physical properties of ammonia are quite different from …

In the gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine, spray atomization contributes significantly to the
formation of a uniform mixture and the effective combustion of the spray. In this study, a …

The main purpose of this study is to make a machine model that can predict the
characteristics of flash boiling spray according to the injector design parameters and the …