While insomnia is the second most common mental disorder, progress in our understanding
of underlying neurobiological mechanisms has been limited. The present review addresses …

Although considered an inactive state for centuries, sleep entails many active processes
occurring at the cellular, circuit and organismal levels. Over the last decade, several key …

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is accompanied by intense cortical activity, underlying its
wake-like electroencephalogram. The neural activity inducing REM sleep is thought to …

Insomnia is the second most prevalent mental disorder, with no sufficient treatment
available. Despite substantial heritability, insight into the associated genes and …

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is associated with the consolidation of emotional
memories. Yet, the underlying neocortical circuits and synaptic mechanisms remain unclear …

Considerable advances in our understanding of the mechanisms and functions of rapid-eye-
movement (REM) sleep have occurred over the past decade. Much of this progress can be …

Highlights•Glutamatergic neurons in the parabrachial nucleus provide main ascending
arousal influence from the brainstem.•GABAergic neurons in the brainstem provide the main …

Brain activity during sleep is characterized by circuit-specific oscillations, including slow
waves, spindles and theta waves, which are nested in thalamocortical or hippocampal …

The claustrum has been linked to attention and sleep. We hypothesized that this reflects a
shared function, determining responsiveness to stimuli, which spans the axis of …

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a sleep state characterized by skeletal muscle
paralysis and cerebral cortical activation. Yet, global cortical dynamics and their role in …