In this article, we trace the significant milestones in the field of parabolic equation (PE)
modeling, which is applied to tropospheric groundwave propagation, as well as the latest …

This work provides an introduction to one of the most widely used advanced methods for
wave propagation modeling, the Parabolic Equation (PE) method, with emphasis on its …

Electromagnetic wave scattering from random rough surfaces is an active, interdisciplinary
area of research with myriad practical applications in fields such as optics, acoustics …

In the domain of electromagnetic wave propagation in the presence of rough surfaces, the
Rayleigh roughness criterion is a widely-used means to estimate the degree of roughness of …

This paper introduces a “refractivity from clutter”(RFC) approach with an inversion method
based on a pregenerated database. The RFC method exploits the information contained in …

In this paper, a novel shore-based S-band microwave Doppler coherent wave radar
(Microwave Ocean Remote SEnsor (MORSE)) is designed to improve wave measurements …

The parabolic equation is an efficient numerical solution for electromagnetic wave
propagation. In order to address the difficulties in predicting electromagnetic wave …

Refractivity from clutter (RFC) retrieves the radio frequency refractive conditions along a
propagation path by inverting the measured radar sea clutter return. In this paper, a real-time …

An efficient double superimposition model (DSM) is proposed to generate two-dimensional
(2-D) ocean surface waves. On the basis of this efficient model, a modulated slope …

One of the most important functions of radar remote sensing is to retrieve the soil moisture
and surface parameters where surface parameters generally includes soil surface …