Filamentous plant pathogens threaten global food security and ecosystem resilience. In
recent decades, significant strides have been made in deciphering the molecular basis of …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed nanometer-scale particles that
transport biological materials such as RNAs, proteins, and metabolites. EVs have been …

Plant extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound organelles involved mainly in
intercellular communications and defense responses against pathogens. Recent studies …

Parasites have a rich and long natural history among biological entities, and it has been
suggested that parasites are one of the most significant factors in the evolution of their hosts …

Exosomes are single membrane-bound spheres released from cells carrying complex
cargoes, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Exosomes transfer specific cargoes …

Abstract Background Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) are a novelty in medical and
agrifood environments, with several studies exploring their functions and potential …

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the surrounding milieu
to preserve and transport elevated concentrations of biomolecules across long distances …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed nanoparticles that have a crucial role
in mediating intercellular communication in mammals by facilitating the transport of proteins …

Bacterial intra-kingdom communication involves the secretion of outer membrane vesicles
as signaling carriers to the target cells. However, limited research exists on extracellular …

Abstract The United Nations heralds a world population exponential increase exceeding 9.7
billion by 2050. This poses the challenge of covering the nutritional needs of an …