Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common finding on spine imaging that increases
in prevalence with age. IVD degeneration is a frequent cause of low back pain, which is a …

Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by the abnormal or excessive accumulation of
body fat, affecting more than 1 billion people worldwide. Obesity is commonly associated …

Background. Diabetes and obesity are very common associated metabolic disorders that are
linked to chronic inflammation. Leptin is one of the important adipokines released from …

Obesity is a condition associated with an increased risk of metabolic disorders, and in
particular of type-2 diabetes (T2D). The treatment and prevention of obesity and associated …

Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ with high metabolic activity. Countless adipose tissue-
secreted adipokines and lipokines, as well as peptides and lipids with biological activity …

One of the concepts explaining the coincidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the
metaflammation theory. This chronic, low-grade inflammatory state originating from …

Obesity has a major impact on metabolic health thereby negatively affecting brain function
and structure, however mechanisms involved are not entirely understood. The increasing …

Previous studies have reported that probiotics may improve clinical and inflammatory
parameters in patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Lactobacillus (L.) …

In various diseases characterized by inflammation, the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio
(CAR) serves as a marker of inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently …

Youth-onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) represents a major burden worldwide. In the
last decades, the prevalence of T2DM became higher than that of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus …