ABSTRACT A new optimization technique called Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is
applied for the least cost design of pipe networks. The rounded search agents of the …

A novel two-hybrid optimization model of particle swarm optimization (FAPSO) and firefly
algorithm with genetic algorithm (FAGA) are introduced to improve the performance of the …

Various optimization approaches have been proposed in the past three decades to address
the design cost optimization problem of water distribution systems. However, recently …

Micro-irrigation pipe network systems are commonly utilized for water transmission and
distribution in agricultural irrigation. They effectively transport and distribute water to crops …

Abstract Design of Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) is a tremendously hard optimization
problem, and consideration of reliability further adds to the complexity, which may involve …

Numerous metaheuristic optimization algorithms are used for optimal design of water
distribution networks. Each algorithm shows dissimilar characteristics depending on the …

The fluctuation in the consumption of treated water is a situation that distribution networks
gradually face. In times of greater demand, this consumption tends to suffer unnecessary …

Recent advances have seen vast success in the application of metaheuristics in NP-hard
combinatorial problems. A generic metaheuristic design usually consists of three core …

Leakage from water distribution networks (WDNs) is inevitable. Therefore, during design a
WDN, engineers add a percentage of each nodal water demand as leakage discharge to …

The high costs generated by water supply systems' pumping stations has generated great
concerns regarding concessionaire companies in the sector. Improvements to increase …