Cytokine dysregulation is believed to play a key role in the remodeling of the immune
system at older age, with evidence pointing to an inability to fine-control systemic …

In the past, endothelium was thought to be only a mechanical barrier. Today, endothelium is
known to be a tissue regulating vascular tone, cell growth and the interaction between the …

The notion of atherosclerosis as a chronic inflammatory disease has intensified research on
the role of cytokines and the way these molecules act and interact to initiate and sustain …

Inflammation is essential in the initial development and progression of many cardiovascular
diseases involving innate and adaptive immune responses. The role of CD4+ CD25+ …

Immune cells were traditionally considered as major pro-inflammatory contributors. Recent
advances in molecular immunology prove that immune cell lineages are composed of …

Objective—Hyperlipidemia-induced endothelial cell (EC) activation is considered as an
initial event responsible for monocyte recruitment in atherogenesis. However, it remains …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been associated with excess mortality worldwide. The …

Tregs play vital roles in suppressing atherogenesis. Pathological conditions reshape Tregs
and increase Treg-weakening plasticity. It remains unclear how Tregs preserve their function …

The term atherosclerosis refers to the condition of deposition of lipids and other substances
in and on the artery walls, called as plaque that restricts the normal blood flow. The plaque …

Coronary artery disease, the leading cause of death in the developed and developing
countries, is prevalent in diabetes mellitus with 68% cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related …