Water is a critical resource, but ensuring its availability faces challenges from climate
extremes and human intervention. In this Review, we evaluate the current and historical …

Heat waves (HWs) can cause large socioeconomic and environmental impacts. The
observed increases in their frequency, intensity and duration are projected to continue with …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

Glacier mass loss affects sea level rise, water resources, and natural hazards. We present
global glacier projections, excluding the ice sheets, for shared socioeconomic pathways …

In all cities and urban areas, the risk faced by people and assets from hazards associated
with climate change has increased (high confidence1). Urban areas are now home to 4.2 …

Abstract The Brazilian Cerrado is one of the most biodiverse savannas in the world, yet 46%
of its original cover has been cleared to make way for crops and pastures. These extensive …

Executive Summary The IPCC Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report
addresses the challenges of climate action in the context of sustainable development with a …

Abstract Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth
System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of …

Understanding the factors affecting thermal tolerance is crucial for predicting the impact
climate change will have on ectotherms. However, the role developmental plasticity plays in …

The parties of the Paris Agreement agreed to keep global warming well below 2° C and
pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5° C. A global stocktake is instituted to assess the necessary …