Active fluids exhibit spontaneous flows with complex spatiotemporal structure, which have
been observed in bacterial suspensions, sperm cells, cytoskeletal suspensions, self …

In active matter systems, individual constituents convert energy into non-conservative forces
or motion at the microscale, leading to morphological features and transport properties that …

Active matter extracts energy from its surroundings at the single particle level and transforms
it into mechanical work. Examples include cytoskeleton biopolymers and bacterial …

Swarms, which stem from collective behaviors among individual elements, are commonly
seen in nature. Since two decades ago, scientists have been attempting to understand the …

The research of functional magnetic materials has become a hot topic in the past few years
due to their fast, long‐range, and precise response in diverse environments. Functional …

The remarkable processes that characterize living organisms, such as motility, self-healing
and reproduction, are fuelled by a continuous injection of energy at the microscale. The field …

Various types of structures self-organised by animals exist in nature, such as bird flocks and
insect swarms, which stem from the local communications of vast numbers of limited …

Activity and autonomous motion are fundamental in living and engineering systems. This
has stimulated the new field of'active matter'in recent years, which focuses on the physical …

Active materials are capable of converting free energy into mechanical work to produce
autonomous motion, and exhibit striking collective dynamics that biology relies on for …

Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs), comprised of submicron-sized LC droplets
embedded in a continuous polymer matrix, have been the subject of interest for scientists …