A missile is a tube-shaped air vehicle that travels long distances through the air and has a
radio frequency seeker that exchanges signal with radar against possible threats. A structure …

Gradual wear of materials due to repetitive high-speed impacts of water droplets is a serious
reliability concern for blades of gas, steam, and wind turbines. The phenomenon is …

This article deals with the effect of periodically acting liquid droplets on the polished surfaces
of AISI 316L stainless steel and Ti6Al4V titanium alloy. These materials were exposed to a …

The present work investigates the role of surface hardening and roughening on the damage
accumulation during the incubation period in water droplet erosion (WDE). Water droplet …

Rain droplet erosion is a potential threat in aviation, especially for forward-facing
components such as windshields of aircraft. To comprehend and mitigate such hazards, a …

In the present study, high-speed droplet impingement on typical curved surfaces is
numerically investigated to analyse the inherent complex wave structures and cavitation. A …

Rain erosion may cause substantial damage to aircrafts during supersonic flight. Such event
is investigated here via high-speed waterjet impact on composite laminates. An …

Raindrop impact erosion has been observed since early days of aviation, and can be
catastrophic for exposed materials during supersonic flight. A single impact waterjet …

The role of strain hardening on the resistance of metals to water droplet erosion is
investigated for the first time. A stainless steel (17–4PH) was heat treated to various …

Rain erosion of forward-facing aircraft components such as windshields can lead to a
significant reduction in performance, hence a potential hazard to air safety, especially for …