Due to its excellent physical and chemical properties and low price, plastic has replaced part
of the use of stone, wood and metal. The inability to degrade and improper handling have …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are powerful molecular regulators by which the immune system
may “sense” the environment and protect the host from pathogens or endogenous threats. In …

Environmental pollution caused by plastics has become a public health problem. However,
the effect of microplastics on gut microbiota, inflammation development and their underlying …

Background Well-balanced interactions between gut microbiota and the immune system are
essential to prevent chronic intestinal inflammation, as observed in inflammatory bowel …

Background A major cause of enteric infection, Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria activate
mucosal inflammation through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding to intestinal toll-like …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs)
are chronic inflammatory diseases of mucosal tissues that affect the respiratory and …

Fibrosis is a chronic and progressive process characterized by an excessive accumulation
of extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to stiffening and/or scarring of the involved tissue …

The toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of transmembrane-spanning receptors that are
sentinels of both innate and adaptive immunity. Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl …

Over the past few years, the role of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) as a crucial
mucosal defence factor essential for maintaining gut homeostasis has been established. IAP …

Intermittent fasting (IF) has been reported to have beneficial effects on improving gut function
via lowering gut inflammation and altering the gut microbiome diversity. In this study, we …