Antibiotics have played a crucial role in the reduction in the incidence of TB globally as
evidenced by the fact that before the mid-20th century, the mortality rate within five years of …

Simple Summary There is a wide variety of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and
parasites that are transmitted to humans by different routes from other animals. These …

Infectious diseases emerge via many routes and may need to overcome stepwise
bottlenecks to burgeon into epidemics and pandemics. About 60% of human infections have …

Molecular phylogeny work has shown that tuberculosis is ancient human-adapted infection
predating the Neolithic period. They also show that the Upper Paleolithic is a key period of …

Bedaquiline fumarate (BQF), a BCS class-II drug, shows dissolution rate-dependent
absorption pattern, which results in poor biopharmaceutical performance. In this research …

Simple Summary There is a wide range of historical, archaeological and biological sources
to help understand the nature of health and disease in the ancient Roman world. In this …

In 1932, skeletal remains of two Neanderthal individuals, a young adult female and a 3–4–
year-old child, were discovered in Subalyuk Cave in Northern Hungary [1, 2]. Results of the …

Most research on long-term human ecodynamics examines changes in the size and
structure of human populations, often in relation to climate change. Here we offer an …

The increasing availability of next generation sequencing techniques in recent decades has
led to new discoveries, and sometimes the redefinition of conventional hypotheses …

The key to evolution is reproduction. Pathogens can either kill the human host or can invade
the host without causing death, thus ensuring their own survival, reproduction and spread …