Considerable literature on the role of attentional focus in motor performance and learning
has accumulated for over two decades. We report the results of comprehensive meta …

Directing our focus of attention appropriately during task execution can benefit outcome
performance, cognitive efficiency, and physiological efficiency. For instance, individuals may …

Directing the attentional focus towards intended movement effects could enhance individual
performance. This meta-analysis examines the immediate effects of an instructed external …

Focusing attention on a movement effect that is farther away from the body (distal external
focus) has been shown to result in more effective motor performance or learning than …

Two experiments are reported in which skilled musicians playing different instruments
performed a piece of their choice under various attentional focus conditions. In the external …

Many studies have shown that focusing on an intended movement effect that is farther away
from the body (distal external focus) results in performance benefits relative to focusing on …

Variability in practice has been shown to enhance motor skill learning. Benefits of practice
variability have been attributed to motor schema formation (variable versus constant …

An external focus of attention has been shown to enhance the performance and learning of
motor skills, relative to an internal focus (see Chua, Jimenez-Diaz, Lewthwaite, Kim, & Wulf …

External focus of attention has been shown to promote more automatic motor control,
yielding better performance and more efficient technique, than an internal focus. However …

Objectives Whereas accounts of skilled performance based on automaticity (Beilock & Carr,
2001; Fitts & Posner, 1967) emphasize reduced cognitive involvement in advanced skill …