Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signaling has multiple physiological roles in cellular growth,
metabolism, and aging. Myocardial hypertrophy, cell death, senescence, fibrosis, and …

Background The complex relationship between insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels
and heart failure (HF) is not fully understood, particularly across different populations and …

Background While insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) exerts a cardioprotective effect in the
setting of atherosclerosis, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) is involved in …

Malnutrition is a common and serious issue that worsens patient outcomes. The effects of
dietary provision on the clinical outcomes of patients of different nutritional status needs to …

Cardiomyopathy, a disorder of electrical or heart muscle function, represents a type of
cardiac muscle failure and culminates in severe heart conditions. The prevalence of dilated …

Myokines are defined as a heterogenic group of numerous cytokines, peptides and
metabolic derivates, which are expressed, synthesized, produced, and released by skeletal …

Background Findings from the TOS CA. Registry recently reported that patients with
concomitant chronic heart failure (CHF) and impairment of insulin axis (either insulin …

Background: Ischemic heart disease and degenerative encephalopathy are two main
sources of disease burden for the global elderly population. Coronary heart disease (CHD) …