A common assumption historically in ecology is evident in the term" balance of nature." The
phrase usually implies that undisturbed nature is ordered and harmonius, and that …

Photooxidants have been recognized since the 1950s as gaseous agents that are
potentially harmful to plants (Lefohn 1992). Early observations in the Los Angeles area had …

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I Principles 1 1 Models of Systems 3 1. 1 Systems. Models. and Modeling.................... 3 1. 2
Uses of Scientific Models........................ 4 1. 3 Example: Island Biogeography..................... 6 1 …

Ecological systems are generally considered among the most complex because they are
characterized by a large number of diverse components, nonlinear interactions, scale …

The large number of components, nonlinear interactions, time delays and feedbacks, and
spatial heterogeneity together often make ecological systems overwhelmingly complex. This …

Quantitative Ecology reviews the manifold ways that scale influences the interpretation of
ecological variation. Ecologists recognize the significance of scale and magnitude in …

The hybrid Markov-cellular automaton model simulates vegetation dynamics as a spatially
and temporally discrete system. Temporal dynamics are controlled by the transition …

This paper shows that the processes controlling tree-scale spatial heterogeneity in forests
have large effects on system-level properties such as standing crop, and on community-level …

Our goal was to construct a simple, highly aggregated model, driven by easily available data
sets, that accurately predicted terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP; carboxylation plus …