Exosomes are nanoparticles secreted by all cell types and are a large component of the
broader class of nanoparticles termed extracellular vesicles (EVs). Once secreted …

Oligonucleotides can be used to modulate gene expression via a range of processes
including RNAi, target degradation by RNase H-mediated cleavage, splicing modulation …

In animals, systemic control of metabolism is conducted by metabolic tissues and relies on
the regulated circulation of a plethora of molecules, such as hormones and lipoprotein …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes neuroprotection and neuroregeneration.
In animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), BDNF enhances the survival of dopaminergic …

Alterations in microRNAs (miRNAs) expression are causative in the initiation and
progression of human cancers. The molecular events responsible for the widespread …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common, chronic, systemic autoimmune disease, and its
clinical features are the proliferation of joint synovial tissue, the formation of pannus and the …

Interleukin (IL)-18 was originally discovered as a factor that enhanced IFN-γ production from
anti-CD3-stimulated Th1 cells, especially in the presence of IL-12. Upon stimulation with Ag …

Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction that is caused by a dysregulated
host response to infection. In sepsis, the immune response that is initiated by an invading …

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules, evolutionary conserved. They
target more than one mRNAs, thus influencing multiple molecular pathways, but also …

Background miRNAs regulate the expression of several genes with one miRNA able to
target multiple genes and with one gene able to be simultaneously targeted by more than …