Individual differences in human intelligence, as assessed using cognitive test scores, have a
well-replicated, hierarchical phenotypic covariance structure. They are substantially stable …

Introduction Given the biological complexity of the ageing process, there is no single, simple
and reliable measure of how healthily someone is ageing. Intervention studies need a panel …

The aging process is characterized by the presence of high interindividual variation between
individuals of the same chronical age prompting a search for biomarkers that capture this …

General cognitive function is a prominent and relatively stable human trait that is associated
with many important life outcomes. We combine cognitive and genetic data from the …

Simple reaction time (SRT), the minimal time needed to respond to a stimulus, is a basic
measure of processing speed. SRTs were first measured by Francis Galton in the 19th …

As adults age, their performance on many psychometric tests changes systematically, a
finding that is widely taken to reveal that cognitive information‐processing capacities decline …

This cohort profile describes the origins, tracing, recruitment, testing and follow-up of the
University of Edinburgh-based Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 (LBC1921; N= 550) and 1936 …

The processing-speedtheory and the prefrontal-executivetheory are competing theories of
cognitive aging. Here we used a theoretically and methodologically-driven framework to …

This well-established and accessible text has been completely revised in this expanded fifth
edition. Each chapter has been updated, often extensively, to reflect current thinking, and an …

Cigarette smoking is associated with cognitive decline and dementia, but the extent of the
association between smoking and structural brain changes remains unclear. Importantly, it is …