Cancer may be induced by many environmental and physiological conditions. Infections
with viruses, bacteria and parasites have been recognized for years to be associated with …

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive cancer arising from epithelial cells of the bile
duct. Most patients with CCA have an unresectable tumor at the time of diagnosis. In …

The liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus is a member of the triad of epidemiologically important
liver fluke species belonging to the family Opisthorchiidae and the major agent causing …

Infections with Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis, and Schistosoma haematobium
are classified as group 1 biological carcinogens: definitive causes of cancer. These worms …

Infection with the food-borne liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini causes cholangiocarcinoma
(CCA). Whereas the cause of CCA in the West remains obscure, the principal risk factor in …

Parasites are significant groups for carcinogenesis among which liver flukes, including
Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis, are typical representatives causing …

Aim Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor of bile duct epithelial cells. The
prognosis of CCA is poor due to lack of effective therapeutic targets and detection at an …

Infectious diseases cause more than 20% of cancers in the developing world [1]. About a
dozen pathogens including Epstein-Barr virus and human T cell lymphocytotropic virus 1 are …

Cancer involves a major aberration in the normal behaviour of cells, making them divide
continuously, which interferes with the normal physiology of the body. The link between …

Fasciola gigantica is the causative organism of fascioliasis and is responsible for major
economic losses in livestock production globally. F. gigantica thioredoxin1 (FgTrx1) is an …