G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), comprising the largest superfamily of cell surface
receptors, serve as fundamental modulators of cardiac health and disease owing to their key …

Mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) are small peptides hidden in the mitochondrial DNA,
maintaining mitochondrial function and protecting cells under different stresses. Currently …

Stimulation of angiotensin II receptor (ATR) with angiotensin II (Ang II) accelerates cardiac
fibroblast activation, resulting in upregulation of cytokines and growth factors. Growth factors …

Global health concerns persist due to the multifaceted nature of heart diseases, which
include lifestyle choices, genetic predispositions, and emerging post-COVID complications …

Hypertension is the most common cause of left ventricular hypertrophy, contributing to heart
failure progression. Candesartan (Cand) is an angiotensin receptor antagonist widely used …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, and diet
plays an instrumental role in CVD development. Plant-based diets have been strongly tied to …

Alamandine is the newest identified peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and has
protective effects in the cardiovascular system. Although the involvement of classical RAS …

Dear Editor, More than 2 years have passed since the World Health Organization (WHO)
announced the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since then …

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is formed by the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the
renin–angiotensin system. This hormone is known to induce cardiac hypertrophy and heart …

Heart failure is a serious threat to human health, with morbidity and mortality rates
increasing despite the existence of multiple treatment options. Therefore, it is necessary to …