HIV infection progressively weakens the immune system by infecting and destroying cells
involved in host defense. Viral infection symptoms are generated and aggravated as …

IL-32 is a multifaceted cytokine associated with several diseases and inflammatory
conditions. Its expression is induced in response to cellular stress such as hypoxia …

Leishmaniasis is a complex infectious parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus
Leishmania, belonging to a group of neglected tropical diseases. It establishes significant …

Background Cells of the innate immune system undergo long-term functional
reprogramming in response to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) exposure via a process …

Macrophages are host cells for parasites of the genus Leishmania where they multiply
inside parasitophorous vacuoles. Paradoxically, macrophages are also the cells responsible …

Interleukin-32 (IL-32) has several immune regulatory properties, which have driven its
investigation in the context of various diseases. IL-32 expression is reported to be induced in …

Abstract Isomalto/malto-polysaccharides (IMMPs) are α-glucans with prebiotic potential used
as food ingredients. However, their ability to exert direct cellular effects remains unknown …

Background The vitamin D pathway contributes to the microbicidal activity of macrophages
against Leishmania infection. In addition to induction of this pathway, interferon-gamma …

Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is produced during Leishmania infection, but the components of the
parasite that induce its production are unknown. An important multivirulence factor of …

Concerns regarding toxicity and resistance of current drugs have been reported in visceral
leishmaniasis. Anti-microbial peptides are considered as new promising candidates and …