Chitin, the second most important natural polymer in the world, and its N-deacetylated
derivative chitosan, have been identified as versatile biopolymers for a broad range of …

Glycosylation is a fundamental co-translational and/or post-translational modification
process where an attachment of sugars onto either proteins or lipids can alter their biological …

Advances in plant cell molecular biology have considerably increased our understanding of
pollen-pistil barriers, particularly those operated by incompatibility mechanisms, and, at the …

The molecular bases of the gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) system of species of the
subtribe Pyrinae (Rosaceae), such as apple and pear, have been widely studied in the last …

RNase T2 enzymes are transferase-type endoribonucleases that produce oligonucleotides
and/or mononucleotides with a terminal 3′ phosphate via a 2′, 3′ cyclic phosphate …

Glycosylation is a posttranslational modification occurring in many secreted and membrane-
associated proteins in eukaryotes. It plays important roles in both physiological and …

The crystal structure of the Pyrus pyrifolia pistil ribonuclease (S 3-RNase) responsible for
gametophytic self-incompatibility was determined at 1.5-Å resolution. It consists of eight …

Caenorhabditis elegans is an excellent model for morphogenetic research. However, little
information is available on the structure of cell-surface glycans in C. elegans, although …

To develop sound breeding strategies, it is necessary to understand the reproductive
biology and breeding systems of a species. The consequences of inbreeding are particularly …

Fruit skin type is one of the most important components of fruit appearance. Pears have
three types of fruit skin—russet, intermediate, and smooth—depending on the extent of the …