The overlapping land use of reindeer husbandry and forestry–both important livelihoods in
the boreal forest zone in northern Finland–has led to disputes between the two land use …

This article analyses Finland's forest policy from the perspective of the Pathways to
Sustainability approach. The historical roots and political dynamics between key actor …

National parks have become important tourist attractions and tools for regional development.
New international initiatives, such as PAN (Protected Area Network) Parks in Europe, now …

Reindeer management (RM) in northern Fennoscandia is an example of social-ecological
systems (SESs) providing social, cultural, ecological, and economic values. Changing …

Wetlands provide multiple ecosystem services of local and global importance, but currently
there exists no comprehensive, high‐quality wetland map for the Arctic region. Improved …

We analysed the changes that had taken place in the last 45 years in the spatial structure of
the landscape, in the demographic tendencies of the local population and in the …

Increasing competition over the world's forest resources will likely aggravate conflict, though
conflict should not be seen as bad per se. As the challenge is to develop institutions and …

Loss of organic matter content of cultivated soils is observed in many regions of Europe. The
possibility of using organic waste as a soil additive that enriches the soil with organic matter …

Ecosystems provide services for many stakeholder groups, often with a conflict of interests
that hampers sustainability. Core to these conflicts is the challenge of trading-off monetary …

Park-people relationships are crucial for the effective operation of national parks (NPs).
According to this new paradigm, protected areas are increasingly considered as instruments …