Cancer immunotherapy involves blocking the interactions between the PD-1/PD-L1 immune
checkpoints with antibodies. This has shown unprecedented positive outcomes in clinics …

Our populations are aging. Some experts predict that 30% of hospital beds will soon be
occupied by osteoporosis patients. Statistics show that 20% of patients suffering from an …

Bionanotechnology has now become firmly established in its own right as one of the
principle and focused subdisciplines within nanotechnology.(1-10) Bionanotechnology can …

Recent advances in nanotechnology and growing needs in biomedical applications have
driven the development of multifunctional nanoparticles. These nanoparticles, through …

Calcium-based (CaXs) biomaterials including calcium phosphates, calcium carbonates,
calcium silicate and calcium fluoride have been widely utilized in the biomedical field owing …

Over two decades have passed since the fifth edition of Phosphorus: Chemistry,
Biochemistry and Technology. Major advances in chemistry, materials science, electronics …

Calcium phosphate is applied in many products in biomedicine, but also in toothpastes and
cosmetics. In some cases, it is present in nanoparticulate form, either on purpose or after …

Today, the integration of medical and engineering principles for producing biological
replacements has attracted much attention. Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field …

The first part of this review looks at the fundamental properties of hydroxyapatite (HAP), the
basic mineral constituent of mammalian hard tissues, including the physicochemical …

Rare earth based nanostructures constitute a type of functional materials widely used and
studied in the recent literature. The purpose of this review is to provide a general and …