Structural color has been regarded as an ideal alternative to pigments because of the
advantages of environmental friendliness, resistance to fading, and dynamic regulation …

Amphiphilic lipids aggregate in aqueous solution into a variety of structural arrangements.
Among the plethora of ordered structures that have been reported, many have also been …

Colloidal crystals and glasses have been designed to develop structural colors that are
tunable, iridescent, nonfading, and nontoxic. However, the low printability and poor printing …

Waveplates are widely used in photonics to control the polarization of light,. Often, they are
fabricated from birefringent crystals that have different refractive indices along and normal to …

Light is a vital resource for plants, which compete for it particularly in dense communities.
Plants have multiple photosensory receptors to detect the presence of competitors and …

The attenuation of light with increasing depth, along with reduced exposure to wave stress,
plays an important role in vertically structuring coral reef communities. Benthic …

Natural creatures have evolved elaborate photonic nanostructures on multiple scales and
dimensions in a hierarchical, organized way to realize controllable absorption, reflection, or …

The ability to selectively redirect specific wavelengths of light has attracted a lot attention for
photonic crystal materials. Presently, there is a wealth of research relating to the fabrication …

Besides aroma and taste, the color of dry tea leaves, tea infusion, and infused tea leaves is
also an important index for tea quality. Shading can significantly increase the chlorophyll …

Optical components made fully or partially from reconfigurable, stimuli‐responsive, soft
solids or fluids—collectively referred to as soft photonics—are poised to form the platform for …