Abstract Development of the forebrain critically depends on the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)
signaling pathway, as illustrated in humans by the frequent perturbation of this pathway in …

Neurogenesis in the developing central nervous system consists of the induction and
proliferation of neural progenitor cells and their subsequent differentiation into mature …

The hypothalamus is a central regulator of many innate behaviors essential for survival, but
the molecular mechanisms controlling hypothalamic patterning and cell fate specification …

The thalamus plays a central coordinating role in the brain. Thalamic neurons are organized
into spatially distinct nuclei, but the molecular architecture of thalamic development is poorly …

Human brain organoids provide unique platforms for modeling several aspects of human
brain development and pathology. However, current brain organoid systems mostly lack the …

The foundation for the anatomical and functional complexity of the vertebrate central
nervous system is laid during embryogenesis. After Spemann's organizer and its derivatives …

Initial axial patterning of the neural tube into forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain primordia
occurs during gastrulation. After this patterning phase, further diversification within the brain …

Coordinated gene expression controlled by long-distance enhancers is orchestrated by
DNA regulatory sequences involving transcription factors and layers of control mechanisms …

The vertebrate skull varies widely in shape, accommodating diverse strategies of feeding
and predation. The braincase is composed of several flat bones that meet at flexible joints …

The thalamus is the principal information hub of the vertebrate brain, with essential roles in
sensory and motor information processing, attention, and memory. The complex array of …