Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an effective new treatment for hematologic
malignancies. Two CAR T-cell products are now approved for clinical use by the US FDA …

Highlights•CAR T cells are associated with unique side-effects.•Cytokine release syndrome
(CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) and cytopenias are …

Osteoimmunology is a new subject which focuses on the communication between the
immune and the skeletal systems. Both the immune system and bone communicate with …

Angiogenesis is the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing vasculature, which plays a
critical role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to joint destruction.
Cytokines play a key role in its pathogenesis. They contribute to the induction and …

Autoimmune encephalitis is one of the most rapidly growing research topics in neurology.
Along with discoveries of novel antibodies associated with the disease, clinical experience …

The role of interleukin (IL)-6 in health and disease has been under a lot of scrutiny in recent
years, particularly during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The inflammatory pathways in …

Active neutrophils participate in innate and adaptive immune responses through various
mechanisms, one of the most important of which is the formation and release of neutrophil …

A hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) is the accelerated clearance or destruction of red
blood cells associated with a transfusion event. Causes of HTRs and differential diagnoses …

Purpose Our understanding of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO, AKA Graves'
orbitopathy, thyroid eye disease) has advanced substantially, since one of us (TJS) wrote …