The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens, which is initiated by
the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous …

Teleost fish possess an adaptive immune system associated with each of their mucosal
body surfaces. Evidence obtained from mucosal vaccination and mucosal infection studies …

The major hindrance in the development and sustainability of aquaculture industry is the
occurrence of various diseases in the farming systems. Today, preventive and management …

Fish is considered to be an important model in comparative immunology studies because it
is a representative population of lower vertebrates serving as an essential link to early …

Receptors that recognize conserved pathogen molecules are the first line of cellular innate
immunity defense. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the best understood of the innate immune …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize the conserved molecular structure of
pathogens and trigger the signaling pathways that activate immune cells in response to …

The innate system's recognition of non-self and danger signals is mediated by a limited
number of germ-line encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen …

The innate immune system constitutes an efficient defense against invading microbial
pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) eventually alert vertebrates about the presence of …

A comprehensive survey of channel catfish Toll-like receptors (TLRs) was undertaken
following a genomic PCR approach based on degenerate primers. Twenty different TLRs …

Immunostimulants and vaccines are important for controlling infectious diseases in fish
aquaculture. In this study we assess the potential of flagellin to be used for such purposes in …