Abstract Since their first use in the mid-1980s, passive integrated transponder devices (PIT
tags) have allowed innovative investigations into numerous biological traits of animals. The …

Observations on the ontogeny and diversity of salamanders provided some of the earliest
evidence that shifts in developmental trajectories have made a substantial contribution to the …

The spatio-temporal dynamics of amphibian populations and the models that describe them
are largely influenced by the frequency of dispersal among breeding sites; however …

In organisms that have complex life cycles, factors in the larval environment may affect both
larval and adult traits. For amphibians, the postmetamorphic transition from the aquatic …

We surveyed a streamside community in a southern Appalachian old-growth forest to
determine the feasibility of using removal sampling to estimate salamander density and …

Public concern for the humane treatment of animals in research has led to specific
guidelines for appropriate treatment of study organisms. Field research poses special …

Summary 1 Capture–mark–recapture (CMR) studies provide essential information on
demography, movement and other ecological characteristics of rare and endangered …

Photographic identification is a promising marking technique alternative to the toe-clipping,
since it is completely harmless, cheap, and it allows long time identification of individuals. Its …

Since my earlier review of marking techniques (Ferner, 1979) there have continued to be
numerous modifications and analysis of existing methods as well as the development of new …

Toe-clipping has been widely used for individual identification of amphibians and reptiles. It
is costless and easy to apply and read. An animal's locomotor speed may affect its ability to …