The global demand for a constant supply of fertilizer is increasing with the booming of the
population. Nowadays more focus is given to the recovery and reuse of the nutrients rather …

This review article presents a comprehensive literature survey over the last two decades on
the evaluation of production processes of succinic acid (SA) to further direct the research …

Salinity gradient energy, which is released upon mixing two solutions of different
concentrations, is considered to be a promising source of sustainable power. Of the methods …

Minimizing the energy consumption of desalination processes is an important goal for
augmenting freshwater production and mitigating water scarcity. Chemical, civil, mechanical …

In this study, a hybrid forward osmosis–nanofiltration (FO/NF) process was designed for
dewatering high nutrient containing sludge and recovering draw solution with minimum …

Reverse osmosis (RO), currently the most energy efficient desalination process, is inherently
more energy intensive compared to conventional fresh water treatment technologies, as it is …

Abstract Treatment of sugarcane molasses distillery wastewater is challenging due to the
presence of complex phenolic compounds (melanoidins and polyphenols) having …

A series of polyelectrolytes were evaluated as draw solutions for the forward osmosis (FO)
process. Such polyelectrolytes were synthesized by copolymerization of N …

Forward osmosis (FO) is a promising technology for efficient water reclamation at low
operating costs. It has shown potential in producing fresh water from seawater; however, the …

Water management is an integral part of coal mining operations. Due to the constraints on
releasing saline water, coal mines require additional water storage facilities and therefore …