The biomedical and nanomedicine sectors have bloomed in the last two decades with the
technological advancements in nanoscience. The significance of nanotechnology for …

The development of nanotechnology has been advancing for decades and gained
acceleration in the 21st century. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are widely available, giving …

MXenes, transition metal carbides and nitrides with graphene-like structures, have received
considerable attention since their first discovery. On the other hand, Graphene has been …

Designing of nanomaterials has now become a top-priority research goal with a view to
developing specific applications in the biomedical fields. In fact, the recent trends in the …

Carbon is one of the most abundant elements on Earth. In addition to the well-known
crystallographic modifications such as graphite and diamond, other allotropic carbon …

Light-mediated therapies, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy
(PTT) have been exploited as minimally invasive techniques for ablation of various tumors …

Within phototherapy, a grand challenge in clinical cancer treatments is to develop a simple,
cost-effective, and biocompatible approach to treat this disease using ultra-low doses of …

Introduction The application of doxorubicin (DOX) in cancer therapy has been limited due to
its drug resistance and poor internalization. Graphene oxide (GO) nanostructures have the …

Phototherapy and immunotherapy in combination is regarded as the ideal therapeutic
modality to treat both primary and metastatic tumors. Immunotherapy uses different …

Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that link to various substrates with great
affinity and selectivity, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, cells, and tissues. For …