This paper presents an up-to-date survey of graphical tactile displays. These devices
provide information through the sense of touch. At best, they should display both text and …

A new concept for the realization of a refreshable Braille cell is presented. An
electrothermally controlled microactuator that exploits the hydraulic pressure due to the …

Tactile displays are used to convey small-scale force and shape information to the fingertip.
We describe a 6 x 6 tactile shape display design that is low in cost and easily constructed. It …

This paper introduces a device for enhancing detection of surface undulation through active
touch. This device, which we call a “tactile contact lens,” is composed of a sheet and …

Transmission of the distribution of force vectors on a fingertip improves the stability of a
given operation in a tele-operation system. As such, we seek the representation of the …

A preliminary design of a remote palpation instrument for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is
given. The lack of the tactile sense in MIS limits the surgeon's abilities to examine and …

Combining teletaction systems with telemanipulation systems promises to enhance task
performance when interacting with remote environments. However, the force scaling …

Integration of the correct tactile and kinesthetic force feedback response with an accurate
computational model of a compliant environment is a formidable challenge. We examine …

Shape-changing displays enable real-time visualization and haptic exploration of 3D
surfaces. However, many shape-changing displays are composed of individually actuated …

This paper introduces a device for enhancing tactile perception of surface undulation. This
device, which we call a" tactile contact lens," is composed of a sheet and numerous pins …