Rating scales as outcome measures for clinical trials in neurology: problems, solutions, and recommendations

JC Hobart, SJ Cano, JP Zajicek… - The Lancet …, 2007 - thelancet.com
Have state-of-the-art clinical trials failed to deliver treatments for neurodegenerative
diseases because of shortcomings in the rating scales used? This Review assesses two …

The spinal pathophysiology of spasticity–from a basic science point of view

JB Nielsen, C Crone, H Hultborn - Acta physiologica, 2007 - Wiley Online Library
Spasticity is a term, which was introduced to describe the velocity‐sensitive increased
resistance of a limb to manipulation in subjects with lesions of descending motor pathways …

Reliability of gait performance tests in men and women with hemiparesis after stroke.

UB Flansbjer, AM Holmbäck, D Downham… - Journal of …, 2005 - europepmc.org
Reliability of gait performance tests in men and women with hemiparesis after stroke. -
Abstract - Europe PMC Sign in | Create an account https://orcid.org Europe PMC Menu …

Spasticity-assessment: a review

F Biering-Sørensen, JB Nielsen, K Klinge - Spinal cord, 2006 - nature.com
Study design: Review of the literature on the validity and reliability of assessment of
spasticity and spasms. Objectives: Evaluate the most frequently used methods for …

Reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale and the Modified Ashworth Scale in adult patients with severe brain injury: a comparison study

J Mehrholz, K Wagner, D Meissner… - Clinical …, 2005 - journals.sagepub.com
Objective: To assess and to compare the reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale with the
Modified Ashworth Scale in patients with severe brain injury and impaired consciousness …

The interrater and intrarater reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale in the assessment of muscle spasticity: limb and muscle group effect

NN Ansari, S Naghdi, TK Arab, S Jalaie - NeuroRehabilitation, 2008 - content.iospress.com
Abstract The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) is a clinical scale used to assess muscle
spasticity. While the evidence indicates that the reliability of the MAS is better in the upper …

Interrater reliability of the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS) for patients with wrist flexor muscle spasticity

S Naghdi, N Nakhostin Ansari, S Azarnia… - … Theory and practice, 2008 - Taylor & Francis
The measurement of spasticity is part of the neurological examination of patients with
disorders of the central nervous system. Recently, the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale …

Poststroke spasticity management

GE Francisco, JR McGuire - Stroke, 2012 - Am Heart Assoc
Francisco and McGuire Poststroke Spasticity Management 3133 survivors. For example,
PSS resulting in an adducted internally rotated shoulder can limit overhead reaching …

Clinical scales for the assessment of spasticity, associated phenomena, and function: a systematic review of the literature

T Platz, C Eickhof, G Nuyens… - Disability and …, 2005 - Taylor & Francis
Purpose: To characterise clinical assessment methods for spasticity and/or its functional
consequences in clinical patient populations at risk to suffer from spasticity. Method …

Progressive resistance training after stroke: effects on muscle strength, muscle tone, gait performance and perceived participation.

UB Flansbjer, M Miller… - Journal of …, 2008 - medicaljournalssweden.se
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of progressive resistance training on muscle strength,
muscle tone, gait performance and perceived participation after stroke. DESIGN: A …