As the immune-competent cells of the brain, microglia play an increasingly important role in
maintaining normal brain function. They invade the brain early in development, transform …

Purpose Gut microbiota regulate intestinal function and health. However, mounting evidence
indicates that they can also influence the immune and nervous systems and vice versa. This …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders caused by various
genetic and environmental factors that result in synaptic abnormalities. ASD development is …

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social
communication and interaction and restricted-repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are pervasive neurodevelopmental disorders that include
a variety of forms and clinical phenotypes. This heterogeneity complicates the clinical and …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) affect as many as 1 in 45 children and are characterized
by deficits in sociability and communication, as well as stereotypic movements. Many …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) remains one of the most significant limitations to treatments of
central nervous system (CNS) disorders including brain tumors, neurodegenerative …

More than a hundred de novo single gene mutations and copy‐number variants have been
implicated in autism, each occurring in a small subset of cases. Mutant mouse models with …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been associated with brain inflammation as
indicated by microglia activation, as well as brain expression and increased plasma levels of …

Microbiome is the community of microorganism that co-live with a host. The human being is
the result of the integration of its genome and the coexistence with millions of …