Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease of unknown origin
that usually results in death from secondary respiratory failure within 2–5 years of diagnosis …

Phosphatases and kinases maintain an equilibrium of dephosphorylated and
phosphorylated proteins, respectively, that are required for critical cellular functions …

Pulmonary fibrosis results from a plethora of abnormal pathogenetic events. In idiopathic
pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), inhalational, environmental, or occupational exposures in …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive and fatal lung disease, usually leads to an
irreversible distortion of the pulmonary structure. The functional roles of bone marrow …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the most symptomatic progressive fibrotic lung
diseases, in which patients have an extremely poor prognosis. Therefore, understanding the …

Cardiac lymphatic vessel growth (lymphangiogenesis) and integrity play an essential role in
maintaining tissue fluid balance. Inhibition of lymphatic lymphangiogenesis is involved in …

Fibrosis following tissue injury is distinguished from normal repair by the accumulation of
pathogenic and apoptosis-resistant myofibroblasts (MFs), which arise primarily by …

Background While serum periostin and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) have been
acknowledged as independent markers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) diagnosis, the …

Sarcoidosis, an enigmatic disease with unknown etiology, is characterized by inflammation
and the potential involvement of various organs, predominantly the lungs and intrathoracic …

Cardiac fibrosis, a pathological condition due to excessive extracellular matrix (ECM)
deposition in the myocardium, is associated with nearly all forms of heart disease. The …