With changing pressure and temperature conditions, downwelling and upwelling crustal and
mantle rocks experience several solid–solid phase transitions that affect the mineral …

Earth's mantle transition zone (MTZ) is characterized by several sharp increases in seismic
wave speed between~ 300 km and~ 850 km depth. These seismic discontinuities are …

The temperature at the 410-km discontinuity is re-evaluated by comparing the depth of the
discontinuity with the olivine–wadsleyite transition pressure obtained using in situ X-ray …

This study reevaluates the adiabatic temperature profile of the Earth's mantle. The global
average temperature at the 410‐km discontinuity is estimated to be 1839 (38) K by …

We use normal-mode splitting functions in addition to surface wave phase anomalies, body
wave traveltimes and long-period waveforms to construct a 3-D model of anisotropic shear …

SS and PP precursors are currently the only body wave data types that have significant
coverage in both oceanic and continental regions to study the existence and characteristics …

A new global P-wave tomography model is determined using a flexible-grid
parameterization. This new model better reveals the mantle structure under the polar …

Continents slowly drift at the top of the mantle, sometimes colliding, splitting and
aggregating. The evolutions of the continent configuration, as well as oceanic plate …

Oceanic lithosphere constitutes the bulk of Earth's tectonic plates and also likely represents
the building blocks of the continental lithosphere. The depth and nature of the oceanic …

The mantle's compositional structure reflects the thermochemical evolution of Earth. Yet,
even the radial average composition of the mantle remains debated. Here, we analyze a …