The adaptive immune response to influenza virus infection is multifaceted and complex,
involving antibody and cellular responses at both systemic and mucosal levels. Immune …

The influenza A virus infection continues to be a threat to the human population. The
seasonal variation of the virus and the likelihood of periodical pandemics caused by …

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines represent a new, effective vaccine platform with high
capacity for rapid development. Generation of a universal influenza virus vaccine with the …

Influenza B virus primarily infects humans, causing seasonal epidemics globally. Two
antigenic variants—Victoria-like and Yamagata-like—were detected in the 1980s, of which …

Due to limitations of current influenza virus vaccines, new vaccines that mediate broad
protection and show high efficacy against seasonal and pandemic viruses are urgently …

Hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein is an important focus of influenza research due to its role in
antigenic drift and shift, as well as its receptor binding and membrane fusion functions …

Influenza B viruses cause seasonal epidemics and are a considerable burden to public
health. However, protection by current seasonal vaccines is suboptimal due to the antigenic …

Influenza virus infections represent a serious public health threat and account for significant
morbidity and mortality worldwide due to seasonal epidemics and periodic pandemics …

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are primarily maintained in nature in transmission
cycles between hematophagous arthropods and vertebrate hosts, but an increasing number …

Influenza vaccines are utilised to combat seasonal and pandemic influenza. The key to
influenza vaccination currently is the availability of candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs) …