Studies in recent years have identified a pivotal role of the cytokine IL-23 in the
pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD: Crohn´ s disease, ulcerative colitis) and …

High mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), a member of the high mobility group protein
superfamily, is an abundant and ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein. Intracellular …

Global microplastic (MP) contamination and the effects on the environment are well
described. However, the potential for MP consumption to affect human health remains …

The continuing identification of several epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and
metabolomic alterations in patients with IBD reflects the complex nature of the disease and …

The early aseptic immune response is the key factor leading to the aggravation of acute
pancreatitis (AP). Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 is an important member of the TLR family, but the …

This study was carried out to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of galangin, a
promising active principle of honeybee propolis, in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)–induced …

Probiotics are a beneficial treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, studies
comparing the effects of similar doses of single and mixed probiotics on IBD are scarce …

The CNS is regarded as an immunoprivileged organ, evading routine immune surveillance;
however, the coordinated development of immune responses profoundly influences …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by various immune cells, including B and T cells,
macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and mast cells, mediate …

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an important cause of setting off acute kidney
injury. Neutrophil-mediated immunomodulation has a pivotal role in the evolving of IRI. The …