Emotion plays a crucial role, both in general human experience and in psychiatric illnesses.
Despite the importance of emotion, the relative lack of objective methodologies to …

Creativity is related to both cognition and emotion, which are the two major mental
processes, interacting with each other to form psychological processes. Emotion is the major …

The behaviour of animals towards their mirror image (“mirror test”) is routinely used as a
proxy to measure aggression levels, especially in fish. The lack of evidence for visual self …

How emotions are represented in the nervous system is a crucial unsolved problem in the
affective neuroscience. Many studies are striving to find the localization of basic emotions in …

Abstract Microplastics (< 5 mm) are a threat to marine biodiversity however their effects on
animal cognition and behaviour are unclear. We investigated whether microplastic exposure …

Size-based dominance hierarchies influence fitness, group size and population dynamics
and link dominance structure to evolutionary and ecological outcomes. While larger …

Abstract Theory predicts that animals should adjust their escape responses to the perceived
predation risk. The information animals obtain about potential predation risk may differ …

A rich theoretical framework exists for understanding animal conflict. When two opponents
fight over a resource, the duration, intensity and outcome of the fight ought to be determined …

Aggression occurs when individuals compete over limiting resources. While theoretical
studies have long placed a strong emphasis on context-specificity of aggression, there is …

Social environment can affect the expression of sex-typical behavior in both males and
females. Males of the African cichlid species Astatotilapia burtoni have long served as a …