The rapid development of information technology has led to urgent requirements for high
efficiency and ultralow power consumption. In the past few decades, neuromorphic …

The discovery of the spin-torque effect has made magnetic nanodevices realistic candidates
for active elements of memory devices and applications. Magnetoresistive effects allow the …

Spintronics, that is, the utilization of electron spin to enrich the functionality of
microelectronics, has led to the inception of numerous novel devices, particularly magnetic …

Bioinspired hardware holds the promise of low-energy, intelligent, and highly adaptable
computing systems. Applications span from automatic classification for big data …

This article reviews static and dynamic interfacial effects in magnetism, focusing on
interfacially driven magnetic effects and phenomena associated with spin-orbit coupling and …

This tutorial article introduces the physics of spin transfer torques in magnetic devices. Our
intention is that it be accessible to beginning graduate students. We provide an elementary …

Electrons have a charge and a spin, but until recently, charges and spins have been
considered separately. In conventional electronics, the charges are manipulated by electric …

The recent discovery that a spin-polarized electrical current can apply a large torque to a
ferromagnet, through direct transfer of spin angular momentum, offers the possibility of …

Finding a means to generate, control and use spin-polarized currents represents an
important challenge for spin-based electronics,,, or 'spintronics'. Spin currents and the …

Spin-transfer torques occur in magnetic heterostructures because the transverse component
of a spin current that flows from a nonmagnet into a ferromagnet is absorbed at the interface …