Conversational systems like chatbots have emerged as powerful tools for automating
interactive tasks traditionally confined to human involvement. Fundamental to chatbot …

In today's digital age, an enormous volume of data is generated daily from various internet
sources, including social media sites, emails, and consumer reviews. With competition on …

A digital library is a type of information retrieval (IR) system. The existing IR methodologies
generally have problems on keyword searching. Some of search engine has not been able …

The Jahai language is facing extinction primarily because it is among the least spoken
language among minority groups in Malaysia. This is due to lesser speakers and the shift to …

Text-to-speech (TTS) systems on computers aim to transform written text into a natural-
sounding auditory format. They are specifically designed for the Gujarati language, allowing …