This review and data analysis outline how fish biologists should most reliably estimate the
minimal amount of oxygen needed by a fish to support its aerobic metabolic rate (termed …

There is increasing interest in documenting and explaining the existence of marked
intraspecific variation in metabolic rate in animals, with fishes providing some of the best …

Consistent individual differences (CIDs) in behavior are a widespread phenomenon in
animals, but the proximate reasons for them are unresolved. We discuss evidence for the …

Individual differences in the energy cost of self-maintenance (resting metabolic rate, RMR)
are substantial and the focus of an emerging research area. These differences may …

Animal personality traits such as boldness, activity and aggressiveness have been
described for many animal species. However, why some individuals are consistently bolder …

Repeatability studies are gaining considerable interest among physiological ecologists,
particularly in traits affected by high environmental/residual variance, such as whole-animal …

Individuals of the same species often exhibit consistent differences in metabolic rate, but the
effects of such differences on ecologically important behaviours remain largely unknown. In …

Individual differences in metabolic rate have been linked with variations in behaviour and
key life‐history traits and can affect ecological patterns within animal populations. Yet …

Phenotypic flexibility in physiological, morphological and behavioural traits can allow
organisms to cope with environmental challenges. Given recent climate change and the …

Mass‐specific standard metabolic rate (SMR, or maintenance metabolism) varies greatly
among individuals. Metabolism is particularly sensitive to variation in food consumption and …