Bigger animals live longer. The scaling exponent for the relationship between lifespan and
body mass is between 0.15 and 0.3. Bigger animals also expend more energy, and the …

Although oxidative stress is a central topic in biochemical and medical research, the number
of reports on its relevance in life‐history studies of non‐human animals is still low …

The Flexible Phenotype attempts a true synthesis of physiology, behaviour, and ecology by
developing an empirical argument that describes the intimate connections between …

Physiological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds is the most current and comprehensive
account of research on avian reproduction. It develops two unique themes: the consideration …

If a trade–off exists between reproductive effort and immune function, life–history decisions
may have important implications for parasite resistance. Here, we report effects of …

The idea that oxidative stress may underpin life history trade‐offs has become extremely
popular. However, experimental support for the concept has proved equivocal. It has …

Recent work on a small European cave salamander (Proteus anguinus) has revealed that it
has exceptional longevity, yet it appears to have unexceptional defences against oxidative …

Viewing life–history evolution in birds based on an age–specific mortality framework can
explain broad life–history patterns, including the long incubation periods in southern …

Publisher Summary The chapter begins with an overview of cost of living based on field
metabolic rates of small mammals. The chapter then goes on to discuss the importance of …

1. Costs of reproduction have been assessed experimentally by measuring subsequent
survival and reproduction of parent animals raising enlarged and reduced numbers of …