Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the
mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate …

AMPA receptors mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian brain and
transduce the binding of presynaptically released glutamate to the opening of a …

GRIA1 encodes the GluA1 subunit of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate
(AMPA) receptors, which are ligand-gated ion channels that act as excitatory receptors for …

Burst spiking in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons is a key
signaling event in the circuitry controlling goal-directed behavior. It is widely believed that …

The adult spinal cord contains a population of ependymal-derived neural stem/progenitor
cells (epNSPCs) that are normally quiescent, but are activated to proliferate, differentiate …

AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) are tetrameric ligand-gated channels made up of
combinations of GluA1-4 subunits and play important roles in synaptic transmission and …

Toxins have evolved to induce or inhibit pain by targeting a broad range of ion channels and
receptors, including Na V, Ca V, KV, TRP, ASIC, P2X, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4 …

Excessive levels of glutamate activity could potentially damage and kill neurons. Glutamate
excitotoxicity is thought to play a critical role in many CNS and retinal diseases. Accordingly …

As a result of competition between species, a multitude of physical adaptations have
emerged that confer an evolutionary bene t to the animals that possess them. One …

The predominate type of AMPA receptor expressed in the CNS is impermeable to Ca2+ (CI-
AMPAR). However, some AMPA receptors are permeable to Ca2+ (CP-AMPAR) and play …