Recent decades have seen a rise in the use of physics methods to study different societal
phenomena. This development has been due to physicists venturing outside of their …

In practice, there exists numerous examples indicating the phenomenon that individuals are
inclined to employ different strategies when interacting with the others. This is incurred by …

The progression of game theory from classical to evolutionary and spatial games provided a
powerful means to study cooperation, and enabled a better understanding of general …

For many years, social diversity has been recognized as one of the important factors in the
emergence of cooperation. In PGG that characterizes collective social dilemmas, the …

Public supervision, as a source of social behavioral norms and moral guidelines, exerts
important guidance and influence on individuals. To maintain public order, in this study, we …

Individuals' strategy updating is an important factor in the spatial prisoner's dilemma game.
According to Bandura's social learning theory, adaptive behavior adjustment involves …

Evolutionary game dynamics in structured populations has been extensively explored in
past decades. However, most previous studies assume that payoffs of individuals are fully …

This paper is devoted to nonequilibrium systems in the physics approach to social systems.
Equilibrium systems have been considered in the recenly published first part of the review …

Cooperation abounds in all biological systems. Spatial public goods game (PGG) serves as
a baseline model when investigating the evolution of cooperation in collective interactions …

This paper mainly investigates the impact of the duration of aspiration and environmental
factors on cooperation using the weak prisoner's dilemma game. In real life, people's …