Catalyst layer (CL) is the core component of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells,
which determines the performance, durability, and cost. However, difficulties remain for a …

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are at the dawn of commercialization. Their
operation and design characteristics, hence their performance, are closely linked to the …

Fuel cell efficiency is determined by many factors, including operational parameters such as
electrochemical kinetics, cell operating temperature, mass transport, flow rates and other …

The proton Exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance depends not only on many
factors including the operation conditions, transport phenomena inside the cell and kinetics …

This paper presents the first part of a complete ex-situ characterisation of a wide range of
commercial Gas Diffusion Layers (GDLs) used in low temperature and high temperature …

Gas diffusion layer (GDL) is one of the critical components acting both as the functional as
well as the support structure for membrane–electrode assembly in the proton exchange …

Redox flow batteries are an emerging technology for long-duration grid energy storage, but
further cost reductions are needed to accelerate adoption. Improving electrode performance …

We have used environmental scanning electron microscope to observe vapor condensation
and liquid water morphology and breakthrough in porous layers of polymer electrolyte …

Liquid water formation and transport were investigated by direct experimental visualization
in an operational transparent single-serpentine PEM fuel cell. We examined the …

Multi-phase transport of reactant and product species, momentum, heat (energy), electron
and proton in the components of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells forms the …