Functional genomics has provided evidence that the human genome transcribes a large
number of non-coding genes in addition to protein-coding genes, including microRNAs and …

Protozoan parasites that profoundly affect mankind represent an exceptionally diverse group
of organisms, including Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Entamoeba, Giardia, trypanosomes, and …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with one of the worst prognoses. Long
noncoding RNA (lnc RNA) are emerging as an important regulator of gene expression and …

The purpose of this book is to present a new mechanistic theory of mutation-driven evolution
based on recent advances in genomics and evolutionary developmental biology. The theory …

Pseudogenes were initially regarded as “nonfunctional” genomic elements that did not have
protein-coding abilities due to several endogenous inactivating mutations. Although …

A growing body of evidence in mammalian cells indicates that secreted vesicles can be
used to mediate intercellular communication processes by transferring various bioactive …

Background Retroposed processed gene transcripts are an important source of material for
new gene formation on evolutionary timescales. Most prior work on gene retrocopy …

Leaf margins are complex plant morphological features that contribute to leaf shape
diversity, which affects plant structure, yield, and adaptation. Although several leaf margin …

Transposable elements, often considered to be not important for survival, significantly
contribute to the evolution of transcriptomes, promoters, and proteomes. Reverse …

Simple Summary Out of the billions of nucleotides comprising the human DNA, a substantial
proportion (98%) represents non-coding DNA, meaning DNA that is not translated into …