Pancreatic cancer is an increasingly common cause of cancer mortality with a tight
correspondence between disease mortality and incidence. Furthermore, it is usually …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways represent ubiquitous signal transduction
pathways that regulate all aspects of life and are frequently altered in disease. Here, we …

Cachexia is the involuntary loss of muscle and adipose tissue that strongly affects mortality
and treatment efficacy in patients with cancer or chronic inflammatory disease. Currently, no …

Growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), also named macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1, is a
divergent member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily. While physiological …

Prostate cancer is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity, which poses a major
challenge to precision therapy and drug development. In this review, we discuss how …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy. PDAC is only
cured by surgical resection in its early stage, but there remains a relatively high possibility of …

Systemic and local chronic inflammation might enhance the risk of pancreatic ductal
adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and PDAC-associated inflammatory infiltrate in the tumor …

Abstract Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is recently emerging not only as a stress-
related mitokine, but also as a key player in the aging process, being one of the most up …

GDF15 has recently gained scientific and translational prominence with the discovery that its
receptor is a GFRAL-RET heterodimer of which GFRAL is expressed solely in the hindbrain …

Platinum-based cancer therapy is restricted by dose-limiting side effects and is associated
with elevation of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15). But whether this elevation …